3^rd Global Summit on Cardiology September 05-06, 2022 Dublin, Ireland

From the perspectives of pathophysiology, epidemiology, prevention, diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring, nephrocardiology is defined as the study of the interaction between nephrology and cardiovascular medicine, which is the multidirectional interplay of cardiovascular diseases and nephrology-related conditions. Nephritic disorder is a kidney sickness in which your body excretes an unwarranted amount of protein in your urine. Harm to the clusters of minor blood capillaries in your kidneys that filter leftover and excess water from your blood is the most common cause of nephritic syndrome. Uremia is a severe illness that develops when waste products linked with impaired kidney function accumulate in the bloodstream. Uremia refers to the effects of waste product accumulation and implies "urine in the blood." It has an impact on the entire body. When your kidneys are unexpectedly inept to filter leftover items from your blood, you have acute renal failure. When your kidneys misplace their filtering skills, destructive levels of waste can build up, and the chemical makeup of your blood can become unbalanced.

Sodium-channel blockers are in Class I.

Beta-blockers are in Class II.

Potassium-channel blockers, Class III.

Calcium-channel blockers are in class IV.

Adenosine is a kind of adenosine. - a supplement of electrolytes (magnesium and potassium salts) - digitalis derivatives (cardiac glycosides) Amiodarone is the most powerful antiarrhythmic drug available. Amiodarone's adverse event profile can be severe, with gastrointestinal side effects being the most common. Dronedarone was the antiarrhythmic medicine with the best tolerability, with the fewest severe adverse effects and a significant reduction in the risk of stroke. In patients without structural heart disease, we use propafenone, flecainide, sotalol, and dronedarone as first-line therapies. Beta-blockers affect predominantly slow-channel tissues (Sino atrial [SA] and atrioventricular [AV] nodes), where they reduce rate of automaticity, slow conduction velocity, and prolong refractoriness. Blood pressure medications known as alpha blockers are a type of blood pressure medication. They work by stopping the hormone norepinephrine from tightening the muscles in the walls of smaller arteries and veins, lowering blood pressure. The blood vessels remain open and relaxed as a result. Blood flow is improved, and blood pressure is reduced as a result.

Fetal echocardiogram is a type of ultrasound that is used to examine the heart of a fetus. Your doctor will be able to view the anatomy and function of your unborn child's heart with this test. It's usually done between weeks 18 and 24 of the second trimester. Sound waves "echo" off the structures of the fetus's heart during the exam. For babies with the whole spectrum of congenital cardiac disease, the Fetal Cardiology Program provides early screenings, precise prenatal diagnosis, and, where necessary, postnatal treatment planning. We're here to assist you in gaining a better understanding of how your baby's heart is developing. fetal echocardiography to check for any severe issues with the developing baby's heart walls and valves, blood arteries leading to and from the heart, and heart pumping strength. The heart begins to develop as early as the third week of pregnancy, with the four-chamber fetal heart forming by week seven. It entails complicated molecular signals, interactions, and myocardial progenitor cell specification, as well as heart tube looping.

This is a collection of tests and health factors that have been shown to predict your risk of a cardiovascular event like a heart attack or stroke. They've been fine-tuned to show the level of danger: borderline, intermediate, or high. Treatment of hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking cessation, increased physical activity, and cardio protective diet, treatment of hyperglycemia, weight management, antiplatelet/anticoagulant therapy, and psychosocial support are among the strategies used to address CVD risk factors. Smoking. Cholesterol levels are high. Diabetes. Myoglobin, troponin, and creatine kinase are cardiac enzymes, commonly known as cardiac biomarkers. The normal range for troponin I is 0 to 0.04 ng/mL, but typical values for high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) are less than 14ng/L. Other kinds of heart damage.

The study of understanding, diagnosing, and treating the electrical processes of the heart is known as cardiac electrophysiology. See Clinical cardiac electrophysiology for more information on studies of such phenomena using invasive (intracardiac) catheter recording of spontaneous activity as well as cardiac responses to planned electrical stimulation (PES). Basic research and translational research are both included in cardiac electrophysiology. A cardiac electro physiologist is someone who examines cardiac electrophysiology, either clinically or via research. A cardiologist is a surgeon who specializes in treating all types of heart problems via surgery and other treatments. An electro physiologist, on the other hand, deals with heart arrhythmias and A Fib, which are caused by disturbances in the heart's regular rhythm.

The use of information and communication technologies in cardiology to treat patients with CVD, establish suitable CVD surveillance, perform technology-based clinical research, and educate peers and colleagues is referred to as digital cardiology. Medtech refers to medical technologies that improve healthcare through technical innovation, whereas digital health is the application of technology for healthcare reasons. Digital health innovation can help in diagnosis, treatment, and management of cardiovascular patients. The study and application of psychosocial aspects in the assessment and reduction of cardiovascular risk is characterized as behavioral cardiology. Clinical health psychology is a professionally recognized specialty that studies and implements clinical services for promoting health and well-being as well as preventing, treating, and managing illness and disability in a variety of groups and settings.

Cardiac regeneration is a extensive effort that uses cutting-edge technologies, such as stem cells and cell-free therapy, to heal irreversibly damaged heart tissue. Reparative technologies have been designed to use the body's inherent ability to regenerate to repair damaged cardiac tissue and function. Adult humans' hearts do not heal after injury, and this failure to regenerate myocardium is a primary cause of heart failure and death around the world. Although all adult mammals appear to have little capability for heart regeneration, some vertebrates can regenerate myocardial throughout their lives. If their hearts are damaged and cardiac muscle cells die, the heart can repair because the remaining cardiac muscle cells can multiply. Cardiac muscle tissue, like skeletal muscle tissue, does not regenerate very well. Scar tissue replaces the dead heart muscle tissue, which is unable to contract. Because of the lack of contractile power, the heart loses its ability to pump when scar tissue accumulates.

Geriatric cardiology is a relatively young specialty that aims to adapt cardiovascular therapy to the needs of an ageing population by incorporating geriatric medicine ideas into the normal care of older persons with cardiovascular disease. Cardiology is the study and cure of heart and blood vascular difficulties. A cardiologist may be raised to a patient with heart illness or cardiovascular illness. Inside medicine has a branch called cardiology. A cardiologist and a cardiac medical practitioner are not the same thing. Medical precaution for of age persons is referred to as geriatrics, a broad term that encompasses a widespread range of age groups.

The heart and blood vessels are both part of the vascular system. Arteries, which are tubes that convey blood from your heart to the rest of your body, and veins, which return blood to your heart, are examples of blood vessels. This intricate system performs a variety of tasks, the most important of which is transferring crucial oxygen and nutrients to your tissues and organs.

Arteries are thicker, making them more prone to obstructions and dilations. Veins are thinner than arteries and feature valves that keep blood flowing back to the heart. Clots can form in the major deep veins of the legs. There are three layers to blood arteries. The inner layer (intima) is bordered with endothelial cells, which are specialized cells. One of the key purposes of this lining is to prevent blood from clotting in the veins.

Muscle cells make up the middle layer (media), which permits the arteries to expand and contract.

The outer layer (adventitia) gives vessels their strength, preventing them from bursting under pressure. In general, illnesses of the blood vessels (especially the arteries) result in obstruction, which is frequently caused by atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), or degeneration (weakening of the wall), which leads to aneurysm. The following are examples of common diseases: The arteries that feed blood to the brain are blocked in Carotid Atherosclerosis. A stroke (brain injury) can occur when these arteries become unhealthy.

Aortic Aneurysm is a condition in which the aorta, the body's primary blood conduit, degenerates. When the aorta's wall weakens, it begins to dilate. In this situation, aortic rupture can result in death.

The arteries that provide blood to the legs are blocked in Peripheral Arterial Disease. When these arteries become damaged, the person may be unable to walk without difficulty or lose their limbs entirely.

High blood pressure and its complications are among the primary causes of sickness and mortality in the United States, and the cardiovascular group is particularly interested in understanding blood pressure control in health and disease.

The cardiovascular section, in particular, is looking into the effects of salt intake or obesity on blood pressure regulation mechanisms. These researchers examine vascular function and brain control of blood pressure using cutting-edge molecular, cellular, and integrative techniques.

The purpose of this study is to discover novel medications that can be used to treat high blood pressure and related complications, such as stroke.

Maintaining a healthy heart is crucial to living a long and healthy life. There are a variety of things that can go wrong with the heart, and the indications of a problem aren't usually clear. A cardiologist is a physician who specializes in the diagnosis of heart and artery disorders. What is the difference between invasive cardiology, non-invasive cardiology, and interventional cardiology.

Cardiology is a medical specialty that focuses on the research, diagnosis, and treatment of the cardiovascular system. Your cardiologist must evaluate several variables when determining what is wrong with your heart because it functions in so many different ways. Your heart, arteries, and blood vessels are examples of these factors.

Recognizing the symptoms of a stroke is the first step in preventing one. When blood supply to a part of the brain is cut off, a stroke, sometimes known as a "brain attack," ensues. The brain cells die when they are deprived of the oxygen and glucose they require to survive. If a stroke is not treated quickly, it might result in severe brain damage or death.

Ischemic stroke is comparable to a heart attack, but it happens in the brain's blood arteries. Clots can form in the blood arteries of the brain, blood vessels leading to the brain, or blood vessels elsewhere in the body and subsequently travel to the brain. These clots block blood flow to the brain's cells. Ischemic stroke can also occur when too much plaque (fatty deposits and cholesterol) clogs the brain's blood vessels. About 80% of all strokes are ischemic.

Hemorrhagic (heh-more-raj-ik) strokes occur when a blood vessel in the brain breaks or ruptures. The result is blood seeping into the brain tissue, causing damage to brain cells. The most common causes of hemorrhagic stroke are high blood pressure and brain aneurysms. An aneurysm is a weakness or thinness in the blood vessel wall.

High blood pressure (hypertension) is a common condition in which the blood's long-term push against the artery walls is high enough to produce health problems like heart disease. The amount of blood your heart pumps, as well as the amount of resistance to blood flow in your arteries, influence your blood pressure. The greater your blood pressure, the more blood your heart pumps and the narrower your arteries become. The measurement of blood pressure is in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). It has two digits.

Number one (systolic pressure): When your heart beats, the first, or upper, number measures the pressure in your arteries.

Number at the bottom (diastolic pressure): The second, or lower, value represents the artery pressure.

Pediatric cardiology deals with cardiac abnormalities and diseases in children under the age of 18. Children may be affected by a variety of cardiac disorders or conditions during their early childhood, or they may have congenital problems.

Their practice is distinct from that of adult-care cardiologists. Pediatric cardiologists specialize in disorders involving the shape or rhythm of a child's heart. Your child's usual doctor or another primary care provider will collaborate with a pediatric cardiologist. Surgery is not performed by pediatric cardiologists.

Cardio-oncology is a relatively new branch of cardiology that focuses on the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of cardiovascular illness that develops as a result of chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Heart cancer develops when unhealthy cells on or near the heart grow out of control. A tumor is formed by these cells. Primary heart cancer is cancer that starts in the heart. This particular type of heart cancer is relatively uncommon.

Heart cancer is more likely to develop when cancer cells from another organ move to the heart. Lung cancer, for example, can migrate to the heart, resulting in secondary heart cancer. Metastatic cancer is cancer that has spread throughout the body.